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Created page with "A '''darknet''' (or '''dark net''') is any overlay network that can be accessed only with specific software, configurations, or authorization, often using non-standard c..."

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A '''darknet''' (or '''dark net''') is any [[overlay network]] that can be accessed only with specific software, configurations, or authorization, often using non-standard [[communications protocol]]s and [[Port (computer networking)|ports]]. Two typical darknet types are [[friend-to-friend]] networks (usually used for [[file sharing]] with a [[peer-to-peer network|peer-to-peer]] connection) and [[internet privacy|privacy]] networks such as [[Tor (anonymity network)|Tor]].

The reciprocal term for an encrypted darknet is [[clearnet (networking)|clearnet]]
or [[surface web]] when referring to search engine indexable content.

== Terminology ==
, "The Darknet" is often used [[Skunked term|interchangeably]] with the [[dark web]] due to the quantity of [[Tor (anonymity network)#Hidden services|hidden services]] on [[Tor (anonymity network)|Tor]]'s darknet. The term is often inaccurately used interchangeably with the [[Deep Web (search)|deep web]] due to Tor's history as a platform that could not be search-indexed. Mixing uses of both these terms has been described as inaccurate, with some commentators recommending the terms be used in distinct fashions.

==Origins==
"Darknet" was coined in the 1970s to designate networks that were isolated from [[ARPANET]] (which evolved into the [[Internet]]), for security purposes. Darknet addresses could receive data from ARPANET but did not appear in the network lists and would not answer [[Ping (networking utility)|pings]] or other inquiries.

The term gained public acceptance following publication of "The Darknet and the Future of [[Digital distribution|Content Distribution]]", a 2002 paper by [[Peter Biddle]], [[Paul England (researcher)|Paul England]], [[Marcus Peinado]], and [[Bryan Willman]], four employees of [[Microsoft]] who argued that the presence of the darknet was the primary hindrance to the development of workable [[digital rights management]] (DRM) technologies and made [[copyright infringement]] inevitable.

=== Sub-cultures ===
Journalist [[J. D. Lasica]], in his 2005 book ''Darknet: Hollywood's War Against the Digital Generation'', described the darknet's reach encompassing file sharing networks. Consequently, in 2014, journalist [[Jamie Bartlett (journalist)|Jamie Bartlett]] in his book ''The Dark Net'' used it to describe a range of underground and emergent [[subculture]]s, including [[camgirl]]s, [[Crypto-anarchism|cryptoanarchists]], [[Darknet market|darknet drug markets]], [[Self-harm|self harm]] communities, [[social media]] racists, and [[Transhumanism|transhumanists]].

== Uses ==
Darknets in general may be used for various reasons, such as:
* [[Computer crime]] (cracking, file corruption etc.)
* Protecting [[dissident]]s from political reprisal
* [[File sharing]] ([[warez]], personal files, pornography, confidential files, illegal or counterfeit software etc.)
* To better protect the [[Internet privacy|privacy]] rights of citizens from targeted and [[mass surveillance]]
* Sale of restricted goods on [[darknet markets]]
* [[Whistleblower|Whistleblowing]] and [[news leak]]s
* Purchase or sale of illicit or illegal goods or services
* [[Internet censorship circumvention|Circumvent]] [[Internet censorship|network censorship]] and [[content-control software|content-filtering systems]], or to bypass restrictive [[firewall (computing)|firewall]]-policies.
* Exercising [[human rights]] such as the right to speak or contract free from commercial or state interference.
* Avoiding emotional [[battery (crime)]] such as that may be inflicted as a result of [[neuromarketing]].
* Refusing to [[consent]] to surveillance on communications networks where no right to consent is formally recognized or honored between the [[Internet Service Provider]] and the [[end user]].

==Software==
All darknets require specific software installed or network configurations made to access them, such as [[Tor (anonymity network)|Tor]], which can be accessed via a customised browser from [[Vidalia (software)|Vidalia]] (aka the Tor browser bundle), or alternatively via a [[proxy server|proxy]] configured to perform the same function.

===Active===
* [[Decentralized network 42]] (not for anonymity but research purposes)
* [[Freenet]] is a popular darknet ([[friend-to-friend]]) by default; since version 0.7 it can run as a "[[Anonymous P2P#Opennet and darknet network types|opennet]]" (peer nodes are discovered automatically).
* [[GNUnet]] can be utilised as a darknet if the "[[Friend-to-friend|F2F]] [[network topology|(network) topology]]" option is enabled.
* [[I2P]] (Invisible Internet Project) is another [[overlay network]] that features a darknet whose sites are called "[[Eepsite]]s".
* [[OneSwarm]] can be run as a darknet for [[friend-to-friend]] file-sharing.
* [[RetroShare]] can be run as a darknet ([[friend-to-friend]]) by default to perform anonymous file transfers if [[Distributed hash table|DHT]] and Discovery features are disabled.
* [[Riffle (anonymity network)|Riffle]] is a client-server darknet system that simultaneously provides secure anonymity (as long as at least one server remains uncompromised), efficient computation, and minimal bandwidth burden.
* [[Syndie]] is [[software]] used to publish [[Distributed computing|distributed]] forums over the anonymous networks of I2P, Tor and Freenet.
* [[Tor (anonymity network)|Tor]] (The onion router) is an [[Internet anonymity|anonymity]] network that also features a darknet – its "[[Tor (anonymity network)#Hidden services|hidden services]]". It is the most popular instance of a darknet.
* [[Tribler]] can be run as a darknet for file-sharing.
* [[Zeronet]] is [[open source software]] aimed to build an [[internet]]-like [[computer network]] of [[peer-to-peer]] users of [[Tor (anonymity network)|Tor]].

===No longer supported===
* [[RShare]] (discontinued)
* [[StealthNet]] (discontinued)

===Defunct===
* [[AllPeers]]
* [[anoNet]]
* [[Turtle F2F]]

==See also==

* [[Crypto-anarchism]]
* [[Cryptocurrency]]
* [[Dark web]]
* [[Deep web]]
* [[Deepnet]]
* [[Private P2P]]
* [[Sneakernet]]
* [[Virtual private network]] (VPN)

==Source==

[http://wikipedia.org/ http://wikipedia.org/]
[[de:Darknet]]

Darknet - Revision history

Admin: Created page with "A '''darknet''' (or '''dark net''') is any overlay network that can be accessed only with specific software, configurations, or authorization, often using non-standard c..."