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'''RIPEMD''' ('''RACE Integrity Primitives Evaluation Message Digest''') is a family of [[cryptographic hash function]]s developed in [[Leuven|Leuven, Belgium]], by [[Hans Dobbertin]], [[Antoon Bosselaers]] and [[Bart Preneel]] at the [[COSIC]] research group at the [[Katholieke Universiteit Leuven]], and first published in 1996. RIPEMD was based upon the design principles used in [[MD4]], and is similar in performance to the more popular [[SHA-1]].

RIPEMD-160 is an improved, 160-bit version of the original RIPEMD, and the most common version in the family. RIPEMD-160 was designed in the open academic community, in contrast to the [[NSA]]-designed [[SHA-1]] and [[SHA-2]] algorithms. On the other hand, RIPEMD-160 appears to be used somewhat less frequently than SHA-1, which may have caused it to be less scrutinized than SHA-1. RIPEMD-160 is not known to be constrained by any patents.

As well as 160-bit, there also exist 128-, 256- and 320-bit versions of this algorithm, called RIPEMD-128, RIPEMD-256, and RIPEMD-320, respectively. The 128-bit version was intended only as a drop-in replacement for the original RIPEMD, which was also 128-bit, and which had been found to have questionable security. The 256- and 320-bit versions diminish only the chance of accidental [[hash collision|collision]] and don't have higher levels of security (against [[preimage attacks]]) as compared to, respectively, RIPEMD-128 and RIPEMD-160.

In August 2004, a collision was reported for the original RIPEMD. This does not apply to RIPEMD-160.

==RIPEMD-160 hashes==
The 160-bit RIPEMD-160 hashes (also termed RIPE ''message digests'') are typically represented as 40-digit [[hexadecimal]] numbers. The following demonstrates a 43-byte [[ASCII]] input and the corresponding RIPEMD-160 hash:

RIPEMD-160("The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy og") =
37f332f68db77bd9d7edd4969571ad671cf9dd3b

RIPEMD-160 behaves with the desired [[avalanche effect]] of cryptographic hash functions (small changes, e.g. changing <tt>d</tt> to <tt>c</tt>, result in a completely different hash):

RIPEMD-160("The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy og") =
132072df690933835eb8b6ad0b77e7b6f14acad7

The hash of a zero-length string is:

RIPEMD-160("") =
9c1185a5c5e9fc54612808977ee8f548b2258d31

==See also==
* [[Hash function security summary]]
* [[Comparison of cryptographic hash functions]]

==Source==

[http://wikipedia.org/ http://wikipedia.org/]

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